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description Description of the 'dl' command in HyperDbg.

dl (traverse through linked list using virtual address)

Command

dl

Syntax

dl [Address (hex)] [o Offset (hex)] [l Count (hex)] [pid ProcessId (hex)]

Description

Walks a linked list starting at the specified virtual address and shows each node.

Parameters

[Address (hex)]

The virtual address of the head of the linked list.

[o Offset (hex)] (optional)

The offset (in bytes) within each node structure where the pointer to the next node is stored. (default: 0)

[l Count (hex)] (optional)

The maximum number of nodes to walk. (default: 100)

[pid ProcessId (hex)] (optional)

The Process ID (in the hex format) that we want to read memory from its context (cr3).

{% hint style="info" %} If you don't specify the pid, then the default pid is the current process (HyperDbg) process layout of memory. {% endhint %}

{% hint style="danger" %} In the Debugger Mode, the pid (parameter) is ignored. If you want to view another process memory, use the '.process' command to switch to another process memory layout. {% endhint %}

Examples

The following command walks the nt!PsActiveProcessHead linked list from its virtual address.

0: kHyperDbg> dl nt!PsActiveProcessHead
walking linked list (virtual address) from fffff805c4305880 (offset = 0)

00: fffff805c4305880
01: ffffa88b8e6a4218
02: ffffa88b8e763258
03: ffffa88b9221b218
04: ffffa88b92a21258
05: ffffa88b92d20318
06: ffffa88b92d37258
07: ffffa88b92d64258
08: ffffa88b92daa258
09: ffffa88b92d16258
0a: ffffa88b92edf418
0b: ffffa88b92f0d318
0c: ffffa88b929c9258

...

(list is circular, returned to head)

The following command walks the linked list starting at @rax with an offset of 8 bytes to the next pointer.

0: kHyperDbg> dl @rax o 8
walking linked list (virtual address) from ffffa88b8e6a4000 (offset = 8)

00: ffffa88b8e6a4000
01: ffffa88b8e763000
02: ffffa88b9221b000
...

(list is circular, returned to head)

The following command walks the linked list at fffff8077356f010 with an offset of 8, a maximum of 0x20 nodes, from the memory layout of process 4.

0: kHyperDbg> dl fffff8077356f010 o 8 l 20 pid 4
walking linked list (virtual address) from fffff8077356f010 (offset = 8)

00: fffff8077356f010
01: ffffa88b8e6a4218
02: ffffa88b8e763258
...

(stopped after 20 nodes; use 'l Count' to see more)

SDK

To walk a linked list in the target debuggee, you need to use the following function in libhyperdbg:

VOID
hyperdbg_u_show_memory_linked_list(UINT64                    target_address,
                                   DEBUGGER_READ_MEMORY_TYPE memory_type,
                                   UINT32                    pid,
                                   UINT64                    offset,
                                   UINT64                    max_nodes);

Remarks

  • If you don't specify the offset, the default offset is 0, meaning the next-pointer is at the very start of the node.
  • If you don't specify the count, HyperDbg walks at most 0x100 nodes by default.
  • For circular lists (e.g., Windows LIST_ENTRY-based lists), HyperDbg automatically detects when the walk returns to the head and stops.

{% hint style="warning" %} Please note that you should specify a space between 'o' and the offset and between 'l' and the count in HyperDbg. For example, 'o8' is invalid, but 'o 8' is valid. {% endhint %}

This command is guaranteed to keep debuggee in a halt state (in Debugger Mode); thus, nothing will change during its execution.

Requirements

None

Related

!dl (traverse through linked list using physical address)

db, dc, dd, dq, dw, da, dds, dps, dqs (read virtual memory)

dt (display and map virtual memory to structures)