diff --git a/hls4ml/converters/keras/convolution.py b/hls4ml/converters/keras/convolution.py
index d6be2c518a..58b1c5479c 100644
--- a/hls4ml/converters/keras/convolution.py
+++ b/hls4ml/converters/keras/convolution.py
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ def parse_conv1d_layer(keras_layer, input_names, input_shapes, data_reader):
 
     layer = parse_default_keras_layer(keras_layer, input_names)
 
+    dilation = keras_layer['config'].get('dilation_rate', [1])[0]
+    if dilation != 1:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f'Layer {layer["name"]}: dilation_rate > 1 is not supported.')
+
     (*_, layer['in_width'], layer['n_chan']) = parse_data_format(input_shapes[0], layer['data_format'])
 
     if layer['class_name'] in ['Conv1D', 'QConv1D']:
diff --git a/test/pytest/test_keras_converter.py b/test/pytest/test_keras_converter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c81461380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pytest/test_keras_converter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from hls4ml.converters.keras.convolution import parse_conv1d_layer
+
+
+def test_conv1d_rejects_unsupported_dilation():
+    keras_layer = {
+        'class_name': 'Conv1D',
+        'config': {
+            'name': 'dilated_conv',
+            'data_format': 'channels_last',
+            'filters': 4,
+            'kernel_size': [3],
+            'strides': [1],
+            'padding': 'same',
+            'dilation_rate': [2],
+        },
+    }
+
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match='dilation_rate > 1 is not supported'):
+        parse_conv1d_layer(keras_layer, ['input'], [[None, 64, 1]], data_reader=Mock())