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TileForge Compiler Architecture

TileForge is an educational and research tensor-kernel compiler designed from scratch to study blocked programming models, static typing, SSA intermediate representations (IR), compiler transformations, and Metal GPU backend lowering.

Pipeline Architecture

flowchart TD
    subgraph Frontend
        A["Python Kernel (@tf.kernel)"] --> B["AST Parser (ast.parse)"]
        B --> C["TileForge AST"]
        C --> D["Semantic Analyzer"]
    end

    subgraph "SSA IR & Analysis"
        D --> E["SSA Lowering (ast_to_ir)"]
        E --> F["Typed SSA IR"]
        F --> G["IR Verifier"]
        G --> H["Dominance Analysis"]
    end

    subgraph Optimizations
        H --> I["Pass Manager"]
        I --> J["Constant Folding"]
        I --> K["Algebraic Simplification"]
        I --> L["CSE (Common Subexpression)"]
        I --> M["DCE (Dead Code Elimination)"]
        I --> N["Simplify CFG"]
    end

    subgraph Backends
        J --> O["Optimized SSA IR"]
        K --> O
        L --> O
        M --> O
        N --> O
        O --> P["CPU Reference Interpreter (NumPy)"]
        O --> Q["GPU Backend Lowering"]
        Q --> R["Metal Code Generator (MSL)"]
        R --> S["Apple Metal GPU Runtime (ctypes)"]
    end
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Key Stages

  1. Frontend (tileforge/frontend/): AST parsing, kernel parameter validation, diagnostic error reporting.
  2. Type System (tileforge/ir/types.py): Strict primitive scalars (f32, i32, i64, bool), typed pointers (ptr<T>), and tensors (tensor<shape x T>).
  3. Typed SSA IR (tileforge/ir/): Basic blocks, phi nodes / branch parameters, dominator tree analysis, and strict SSA verifier.
  4. Transformations (tileforge/passes/): Canonicalization, constant folding, algebraic simplification, Value-numbering CSE, and dead-code elimination.
  5. Backends:
    • CPU Reference Interpreter (tileforge/runtime/): NumPy-backed reference execution for functional correctness verification.
    • Metal Backend (tileforge/backend/metal/): Metal Shading Language (MSL) source generation and native execution via Apple Silicon Metal runtime bridge.